Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) typically emerges during adolescence and is characterized by single or repeated, irregular, arrhythmic jerks (myoclonic jerks), usually in the arms, either unilateral or bilateral. Consciousness is not affected during the jerks. Generalized Tonic-Clonic (GTC) seizures and sometimes absence seizures may also occur alongside. Seizures usually happen shortly after waking up, often following sleep deprivation. Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy is a relatively common type of epilepsy, constituting about 5% of all epilepsies.

There may be a genetic predisposition to juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, with a family history present in 1/3 of patients. JME can start between the ages of 8-25, but 80% begin between the ages of 12-18. Patients usually seek medical attention following a major seizure (GTC). Patients are generally unaware of their seizures, and recovery of consciousness after a seizure can be prolonged. Myoclonic movements occur while the patient is conscious, and patients often notice these movements. Myoclonic movements are more pronounced, especially after alcohol consumption. In general, sleep deprivation and alcohol intake increase the frequency and severity of myoclonic movements. Some patients may also experience absence seizures, which are described as sudden, short-lasting episodes of 10-30 seconds, often accompanied by an upward gaze and staring.

Diagnosis is made through history and EEG. Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy generally responds well to treatment in most patients. The choice of medication is determined by the attending doctor based on the patient’s type, health, and EEG findings.